AP World History
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Prologue
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Part 1: Human Development to c. 600 B.C.E.
Overview
The First Migrations
The Agricultural Revolution
The First Civilizations
Hinduism and Judaism
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Part 2: The Classical Era, c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E.
Overview
Buddhism and Developments in South Asia
Confucianism and Developments in East Asia
Civilizations of Western Eurasia and Christianity
Early American Civilizations
Comparisons in the Classical Age
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Part 3: Postclassical Civilizations, c. 600–c. 1200
Overview
The Spread of Islam
China
Japan
Africa
South Asia and Southeast Asia
Europe
The Americas
The World in 1200
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UNIT 1
Overview
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Developments in East Asia
Overview
Government Developments in the Song Dynasty
Economic Developments in Postclassical China
Social Structures in China
Intellectual and Cultural Developments
Religious Diversity in China
Comparing Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
Japan
Korea
Vietnam
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Developments in Dar al-Islam
Overview
Invasions and Shifts in Trade Routes
Cultural and Social Life
Free Women in Islam
Islamic Rule in Spain
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Developments in South and Southeast Asia
Overview
Political Structures in South Asia
Religion in South Asia
Social Structures in South Asia
Cultural Interactions in South Asia
Southeast Asia
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Developments in the Americas
Overview
The Mississippian Culture
Chaco and Mesa Verde
The Maya City-States
The Aztecs
The Inca
Continuities and Diversity
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Developments In Africa
Overview
Political Structures in Inland Africa
Political Structures of West and East Africa
Social Structures of Sub-Saharan Africa
Cultural Life in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Developments in Europe
Overview
Feudalism: Political and Social Systems
Political Trends in the Later Middle Ages
Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages
Christian Crusades
Economic and Social Change
Renaissance
The Origins of Russia
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Comparison in the Period from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Overview
State-Building and New Empires
The Role of Religion in State-Building
State-Building Through Trade
The Impact of Nomadic Peoples
Patriarchy and Religion
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 2
Overview
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The Silk Roads
Overview
Causes of the Growth of Exchange Networks
Effects of the Growth of Exchange Networks
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The Mongol Empire and the Modern World
Overview
The Mongols and Their Surroundings
Genghis Khan
Mongolian Empire Expands
The Long-Term Impact of the Mongolian Invasions
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Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Overview
Causes of Expanded Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Effects of Expanded Exchange in the Indian Ocean
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Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Overview
Trans-Saharan Trade
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Cultural Consequences of Connectivity
Overview
Religious, Cultural, and Technological Effects of Interaction
Travelers’ Tales
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Environmental Consequences of Connectivity
Overview
Agricultural Effects of Exchange Networks
Spread of Epidemics through Exchange Networks
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Comparison of Economic Exchange
Overview
Similarities Among Networks of Exchange
Differences Among Networks of Exchange
Social Implications of Networks of Exchange
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 3
Overview
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European, East Asian, and Gunpowder Empires Expand
Overview
Europe
Russia
East Asia
Rise of the Islamic Gunpowder Empires
The Ottoman Empire
The Safavids
Mughal India
Decline of the Gunpowder Empires
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Empires: Administrations
Overview
Centralizing Control in Europe
Reigning in Control of the Russian Empire
Centralizing Control in the Ottoman Empire
Centralizing Control in East and South Asia
Legitimizing Power through Religion and Art
Financing Empires
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Empires: Belief Systems
Overview
Protestant Reformation
The Orthodox Church and Reforms in Russia
Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation
Wars of Religion
Islamic Religious Schisms
Scientific Revolution
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Comparison in Land-Based Empires
Overview
Military Might
Centralized Bureaucracy
Striving for Legitimacy
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 4
Overview
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Technological Innovations
Overview
Developments of Transoceanic Travel and Trade
Classical, Islamic, and Asian Technology
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Exploration: Causes and Events
Overview
The Role of States in Maritime Exploration
Expansion of European Maritime Exploration
The Lure of Riches
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Columbian Exchange
Overview
Diseases and Population Catastrophe
Animals and Foods
Cash Crops and Forced Labor
African Presence in the Americas
Environmental and Demographic Impact
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Maritime Empires Link Regions
Overview
State-Building and Empire Expansion
Continuity and Change in Economic Systems
Continuity and Change in Labor Systems
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Maritime Empires Develop
Overview
Economic Strategies
Change and Continuities in Trade Networks
Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade
Effects of Belief Systems
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Internal and External Challenges to State Power
Overview
Resistance to Portugal in Africa
Local Resistance in Russia
Rebellion in South Asia
Revolts in the Spanish Empire
Struggles for Power in England and Its Colonies
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Changing Social Hierarchies
Overview
Social Classes and Minorities in Gunpowder Empires
Manchu Power and Conflicts in the Qing Dynasty
European Hierarchies
Russian Social Classes
Political and Economic Elites in the Americas
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Continuity and Change from c. 1450 to c. 1750
Overview
Transoceanic Travel and Trade
Economic Changes
Effects of the New Global Economy
Demand for Labor Intensifies
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 5
Overview
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The Enlightenment
Overview
An Age of New Ideas
New Ideas and Their Roots
The Age of New Ideas Continues
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Nationalism and Revolutions
Overview
The American Revolution
The New Zealand Wars
The French Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
Creole Revolutions in Latin America
Revolt in the Philippines
Nationalism and Unification in Europe
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Industrial Revolution Begins
Overview
Agricultural Improvements
Preindustrial Societies
Growth of Technology
Britain’s Industrial Advantages
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Industrialization Spreads
Overview
Spread of Industrialization
Shifts in Manufacturing
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Technology in the Industrial Age
Overview
The Coal Revolution
A Second Industrial Revolution
Global Trade and Migration
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Industrialization: Government’s Role
Overview
Ottoman Industrialization
Japan and the Meiji Restoration
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Economic Developments and Innovations
Overview
Effects on Business Organization
Effect on Mass Culture
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Reactions to the Industrial Economy
Overview
Labor Unions
The Intellectual Reaction
Karl Marx
Ottoman Response to Industrialization
Reform Efforts in China
Resistance to Reform in Japan
Limits to Reform
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Society and the Industrial Age
Overview
Effects on Urban Areas
Industrial Revolution’s Legacy
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Continuity and Change in the Industrial Age
Overview
Economic Continuities and Changes
Social Continuities and Changes
Political Continuities and Changes
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 6
Overview
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Rationales for Imperialism
Overview
Nationalist Motives for Imperialism
Cultural and Religious Motives for Imperialism
Economic Motives for Imperialism
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State Expansion
Overview
Imperialism in Africa
The European Scramble for Africa
Imperialism in South Asia
Imperialism in East Asia
Imperialism in Southeast Asia
Australia and New Zealand
U.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific
Russian Expansion
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Indigenous Responses to State Expansion
Overview
Nationalist Movements in the Balkans
Resistance and Rebellion in the Americas
South Asian Movements
Southeast Asian Resistance
Resistance in Australia and New Zealand
African Resistance
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Global Economic Development
Overview
Technological Developments
Agricultural Products
Raw Materials
Global Consequences
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Economic Imperialism
Overview
The Rise of Economic Imperialism
Economic Imperialism in Asia
Economic Imperialism in Africa
Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Economic Imperialism in Hawaii
Contextualizing Economic Imperialism
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Causes of Migration in an Interconnected World
Overview
Migration through Labor Systems
Migration in the Face of Challenges
Migration to Settler Colonies
Migration,Transportation, and Urbanization
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Effects of Migration
Overview
Changes in Home Societies
Effects of Migration on Receiving Societies
Prejudice and Regulation of Immigration
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Causation in the Imperial Age
Overview
Changes in Standards of Living
Overseas Expansion
Seeds of Revolution and Rebellion
Migration and Discrimination
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 7
Overview
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Shifting Power
Overview
Revolution in Russia
Upheaval in China
Self-Determination in the Ottoman Collapse
Power Shifts in Mexico
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Causes of World War I
Overview
Immediate Causes of the Great War
Long-Term Causes of the Great War
Consequences of the Great War
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Conducting World War I
Overview
Changes in Warfare
The United States Enters the War
Total War
A Global War
The Paris Peace Conference
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Economy in the Interwar Period
Overview
The Great Depression
Political Revolutions in Russia and Mexico
Rise of Right-Wing Governments
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Unresolved Tensions After World War I
Overview
Effects of the War
The Mandate System
Anti-Colonialism in South Asia
Nationalism in East Asia
Resistance to French Rule in West Africa
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Causes of World War II
Overview
The Path to War
Nazi Germany’s Aggressive Militarism
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Conducting World War II
Overview
Japan and Imperialist Policies
Germany’s Early Victories and Challenges
Japan Overreaches
Home Fronts
The Tide Turns in the European Theater
The Tide Turns in the Pacific Theater
The Last Years of the War
Consequences of World War II
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Mass Atrocities
Overview
Atrocities in Europe and the Middle East
Pandemic Disease
Suffering and Famine
Casualties of World War II
Genocide and Human Rights
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Causation in Global Conflict
Overview
Political Causes of Global Conflict in the 20th Century
Economic Causes of Global Conflict in the 20th Century
Effects of Global Conflict in the 20th Century
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 8
Overview
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Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization
Overview
Bringing the War to an End
Shifting Balance of Power
The Start of the Cold War
Breakdown of Empires
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The Cold War
Overview
Cooperation Despite Conflict: The United Nations
Rivalry in Economics and Politics
Conflicts in International Affairs
The Space Race and the Arms Race
The Non-Aligned Movement
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Effects of the Cold War
Overview
Allied Occupation of Germany
NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and Other Alliances
Proxy Wars
Antinuclear Weapon Movement
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Spread of Communism after 1900
Overview
Communism in China
Turmoil in Iran
Land Reform in Latin America
Land Reform in Asia and Africa
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Decolonization after 1900
Overview
Movements for Autonomy: India and Pakistan
Decolonization in Ghana and Algeria
Negotiated Independence in French West Africa
Nationalism and Division in Vietnam
Struggles and Compromise in Egypt
Independence and Civil War in Nigeria
Canada and the “Silent Revolution” in Quebec
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Newly Independent States
Overview
Israel’s Founding and Its Relationships with Neighbors
Cambodia Gains Independence and Survives Wars
India and Pakistan Become Separate Countries
Women Gain Power in South Asia
Tanzania Modernizes
Emigration from Newer Countries to Older Ones
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Global Resistance to Established Power Structures
Overview
Nonviolent Resistance as a Path to Change
Challenges to Soviet Power in Eastern Europe
1968: The Year of Revolt
An Age of Terrorism
Response of Militarized States
The Military-Industrial Complex
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End of the Cold War
Overview
The Final Decades of the Cold War Era
The End of the Soviet Union
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Causation in the Age of the Cold War and Decolonization
Overview
Challenges to Existing Social Orders
Superpower Rivalries
Hopes for Greater Self-Government
Comparing Political Effects of the Cold War
Comparing Economic Effects of the Cold War
Comparing Social and Cultural Effects
Development of Global Institutions
Historical Perspectives
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UNIT 9
Overview
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Advances in Technology and Exchange
Overview
Communication and Transportation
The Green Revolution
Energy Technologies
Medical Innovations
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Technological Advancements and Limitations—Disease
Overview
Disease and Poverty
Emerging Epidemics
Diseases Associated with Longevity
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Technology and the Environment
Overview
Causes of Environmental Changes
Effects of Environmental Changes
Debates About Global Warming
A New Age?
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Economics in the Global Age
Overview
Acceleration of Free-Market Economies
Economic Change: New Knowledge Economies
Economic Continuities: Shifting Manufacturing
Transnational Free-Trade Organizations
Multinational Corporations
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Calls for Reform and Responses
Overview
An Era of Rights
Steps toward Gender Equality
Steps toward Racial Equality
Human Rights Repression in China
Steps toward Environmental Repair
Steps toward Economic Fairness
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Globalized Culture
Overview
Political, Social, and Artistic Changes
Global Consumer and Popular Culture
Global Culture and Religion
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Resistance to Globalization
Overview
The Roots of Globalization and Anti-Globalization
Why Resist Globalization?
Economic Resistance
Anti-Globalization and Social Media
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Institutions Developing in a Globalized World
Overview
The United Nations: A Structure for Peace
Assemblies of the United Nations
The UN and Human Rights
Keeping the Peace
Other UN Priorities
International Financial NGOs
NGOs Separate from the UN
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Continuity and Change in a Globalized World
Overview
Advances in Science and Technology
Changes in a Globalized World
Historical Perspectives
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Part 1: Human Development to c. 600 B.C.E.
Sections
The First Migrations
The Agricultural Revolution
The First Civilizations
Hinduism and Judaism